3.1 Udibaniso oluthe nkqo
Abona bathengi bakhulu beemveliso zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi ziifektri zezixhobo zombane ezisezantsi.Aba basebenzisi abaphakathi bathenga amacandelo ombane ane-voltage ephantsi, kwaye emva koko bawahlanganise kwiiseti ezipheleleyo ze-low-voltage zezixhobo ezifana neepaneli zokusasazwa kwamandla, iibhokisi zokuhambisa amandla, iiphaneli zokukhusela, kunye neepaneli zokulawula, kwaye emva koko uzithengise kubasebenzisi.Kunye nophuhliso ukudityaniswa nkqo abavelisi, abavelisi abaphakathi kunye nabavelisi becandelo bayaqhubeka nokudibanisa omnye nomnye: abavelisi bemveli abavelisa amacandelo kuphela baye baqala ukuvelisa iiseti ezipheleleyo zezixhobo, kunye nabavelisi abalamli bemveli baye bangenelela kwimveliso ye-low-. amacandelo ombane ombane ngokufunyanwa, amashishini adibeneyo, njl.
3.2 I-Belt and Road Initiative ikhuthaza ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi
Undoqo weqhinga lelizwe lam elithi “Ibhanti elinye, indlela enye” kukukhuthaza imveliso yemveliso yaseTshayina kunye nemveliso eyinkunzi.Ngoko ke, njengenye yamashishini aphambili kwilizwe lam, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkxaso yemali iya kunceda amazwe asecaleni kwendlela ukuba akhawulezise ukwakhiwa kweegridi zombane, kwangaxeshanye avule imarike ebanzi yokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zombane zelizwe lam.UMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, uMbindi noMzantsi Asia, iNtshona Asia, iAfrika, uMbindi Merika namanye amazwe asemva ngokwentelekiso kulwakhiwo lwamandla.Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kombane, ukwakhiwa kweegridi zombane kufuneka kukhawuleziswe.Kwangaxeshanye, uphuhliso lwamashishini ezixhobo zasekhaya kwilizwe lethu lubuyele umva kwitekhnoloji, luxhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, kwaye akukho mkhwa wokukhusela wendawo.Ke ngoko, amashishini aseTshayina aya kukhawulezisa isantya sokudityaniswa kwehlabathi ngokuthatha ithuba lesiphumo se-spillover ye-Belt and Road Initiative.Urhulumente usoloko encamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu kumazwe angaphandle kwezixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi, kwaye unike inkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nenkuthazo, njengezaphulelo zerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle, ukuphumla kokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwamalungelo, njl. iimveliso zombane low-voltage zilungile kakhulu.
3.3 Ukutshintsha ukusuka kuxinzelelo oluphantsi ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu
Kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-10, ishishini lombane eliphantsi kwe-voltage liya kuqonda utshintsho ukusuka kwi-voltage ephantsi ukuya kwi-medium-high-voltage, iimveliso ze-analog ukuya kwiimveliso zedijithali, ukuthengiswa kwemveliso ukugqiba iiseti zeeprojekthi, phakathi kwe-low-end ukuya kwi-high-high. -ukuphela, kunye nokwanda okukhulu koxinzelelo.Ngokunyuka kwezixhobo ezinkulu zomthwalo kunye nokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukuze kuncitshiswe ilahleko yomgca, amazwe amaninzi akhuthaza ngamandla amandla ombane angama-660V kwimigodi, i-petroleum, imichiza kunye namanye amashishini.I-International Electrotechnical Commission ikwacebisa ngamandla i-660V kunye ne-1000V njengombane wenjongo yeshishini ngokubanzi, kwaye i-660V isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kushishino lwemigodi yelizwe lam.Kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi ziya kwandisa ngakumbi umbane olinganisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela zithathela indawo yoqobo “izixhobo zombane ezinombane ophakathi”.Intlanganiso eMannheim, eJamani nayo yavuma ukunyusa umgangatho wamandla ombane ophantsi ukuya kuma-2000V.
3.4 Ijolise kumenzi, iqhutywa ngenguqu
Iinkampani zasekhaya ezine-voltage ephantsi yezixhobo zombane ngokubanzi azinabuchule baneleyo bokuyila obuzimeleyo kwaye azinakho ukukhuphisana kwimarike.Uphuhliso lwezixhobo zombane eziphantsi-voltage kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwembono yophuhliso lwenkqubo, kodwa kwakhona ukusuka kwisisombululo esipheleleyo senkqubo, kwaye ukusuka kwinkqubo ukuya kuwo onke amandla osasazo, ukhuseleko, kunye namacandelo olawulo, ukusuka kumsinga oqinileyo ukuya kumandla akhoyo angamandla. isonjululwe.Isizukulwana esitsha sezinto zombane ezihlakaniphile eziphantsi kwe-voltage zineempawu eziphawulekayo zokusebenza okuphezulu, imisebenzi emininzi, ubungakanani obuncinci, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo.Phakathi kwazo, isizukulwana esitsha se-universal circuit breakers, i-molded case circuit breakers, kunye ne-circuit breakers kunye nokukhusela okukhethiweyo zibonelela ngesiseko selizwe lam eliphantsi kwe-voltage inkqubo yokusabalalisa umbane ukuphumeza uluhlu olupheleleyo (kubandakanywa nenkqubo yokusabalalisa amandla e-terminal) kunye ne-full-current. ukhuseleko olukhethiweyo, kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko sokuphucula iinkqubo zokuhambisa amandla ombane ophantsi.Ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye inethemba lophuhliso olubanzi kakhulu kwimarike ephakathi ukuya phezulu [4].Ukongeza, isizukulwana esitsha sabafowunelwa, isizukulwana esitsha se-ATSE, isizukulwana esitsha se-SPD kunye nezinye iiprojekthi nazo ziphuhliswa ngenkuthalo, zongeza amandla okukhokelela kwishishini ukukhuthaza ukutsha okuzimeleyo kushishino kunye nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwabaphantsi. -ishishini lombane lombane.
3.5 Ukufakwa kwedijithali, uthungelwano, ubukrelekrele, kunye noqhagamshelwano
Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obutsha kuye kwafaka amandla amatsha kuphuhliso lweemveliso zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi.Ngexesha apho yonke into ixhunyiwe kwaye yonke into ihlakaniphile, inokubangela "i-revolution" entsha yeemveliso zombane eziphantsi.Izixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi zidlala indima enkulu kolu tshintsho, kwaye ziya kusebenza njengesidibanisi sezinto zonke, ezidibanisa zonke iziqithi ezizimeleyo zezinto zonke kunye nomntu wonke kwi-ecosystem edibeneyo.Ukuze kuqatshelwe uxhulumaniso phakathi kwezixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi kunye nenethiwekhi, iinkqubo ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zamkelwa.Eyokuqala kukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha zojongano, ezidityaniswe phakathi kothungelwano kunye namacandelo ombane asezantsi-voltage;okwesibini kukufumana okanye ukwandisa imisebenzi yonxibelelwano lwekhompyuter kwiimveliso zemveli;eyesithathu kukuphuhlisa ngokuthe ngqo ujongano lwekhompyuter kunye nemisebenzi yonxibelelwano yezixhobo zombane ezitsha.
3.6 Isizukulwana sesine sezixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi siya kuba sesona siphambili
Iimveliso zombane eziphantsi kwesizukulwana sesine azizuzi kuphela iimpawu zemveliso yesizukulwana sesithathu, kodwa zinzulu iimpawu ezihlakaniphile.Ukongeza, nabo baneempawu ezimangalisayo ezifana nokusebenza okuphezulu, imisebenzi emininzi, i-miniaturization, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo okuluhlaza, ukonga amandla kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto.Iimveliso ezitsha ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kuqhuba kwaye zikhokele ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lomjikelo omtsha wobugcisa kunye neemveliso kushishino lombane olunevoltage ephantsi, kwaye luya kukhawulezisa ukuphuculwa kwalo lonke ushishino lwemveliso yombane ene-voltage ephantsi.Enyanisweni, ukhuphiswano kwimarike yezixhobo zombane ezisezantsi-i-voltage ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe bekusoloko kunoburhalarhume.Ngasekupheleni kwee-1990s, uphuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemveliso yombane ephantsi kwesizukulwana sesithathu kwilizwe lam kwangqamana nokugqitywa kunye nokukhuthazwa kweemveliso zombane eziphantsi kwesizukulwana sesithathu.I-Schneider, i-Siemens, i-ABB, i-GE, i-Mitsubishi, i-Moeller, i-Fuji kunye nabanye abavelisi abakhulu be-low-voltage bamazwe angaphandle baqalise ngokulandelelana iimveliso zombane zesizukulwana sesine.Iimveliso zinenkqubela phambili kwizalathisi ezibanzi zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho, ubume bemveliso kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha.Ngoko ke, ukukhawuleza uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwesizukulwana sesine sezixhobo zombane eziphantsi kwe-voltage kwilizwe lam kuya kuba yinto ekugxilwe kuyo kwishishini kwixesha elizayo.
3.7 iNdlela yoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji yeMveliso kunye nokuSebenza
Okwangoku, iimveliso zombane zasekhaya eziphantsi kwe-voltage ziphuhla kwicala lokusebenza okuphezulu, ukuthembeka okuphezulu, i-miniaturization, idijithali, i-modularization, indibaniselwano, i-electronics, intelligence, unxibelelwano, kunye nokudibanisa kwamacandelo.Kukho iiteknoloji ezininzi ezitsha ezichaphazela uphuhliso lwezixhobo zombane eziphantsi-voltage, ezifana neteknoloji yoyilo lwanamhlanje, iteknoloji ye-microelectronic, iteknoloji yekhompyutha, iteknoloji yenethiwekhi, iteknoloji yonxibelelwano, ubuchwepheshe obukrelekrele, ukuthembeka kweteknoloji, iteknoloji yokuvavanya, njl. Ukongeza, imfuneko yokuba kugxininise kubuchwephesha obutsha bokhuseleko olugqithisiweyo.Iya kutshintsha ngokusisiseko ingqikelelo yokukhetha i-low-voltage breaker circuit.Okwangoku, nangona inkqubo yokusasazwa kwamandla aphantsi kwelizwe lam kunye nezixhobo zombane eziphantsi kwe-voltage zinokhuseleko olukhethiweyo, ukukhuselwa okukhethiweyo akuphelelanga.Isizukulwana esitsha se-low-voltage circuit breakers siphakamisa ingcamango yokhuseleko olukhethiweyo olupheleleyo lwangoku kunye noluhlu olupheleleyo.
3.8 Uhlenga-hlengiso lwemarike
Abavelisi bezixhobo zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi abangenaso isakhono sokwenza izinto ezintsha, iteknoloji yoyilo lwemveliso, umthamo wokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo ziya kujongana nokupheliswa kuhlengahlengiso loshishino.Amashishini anesizukulwana sesithathu kunye nesesine seemveliso zombane ezinevoltage ephakathi kunye nephezulu, kunye nesakhono sazo sokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa eziphambili ziya kugqama ngakumbi kukhuphiswano lwemarike.Amanye amashishini aya kwahlula abe ngamanqanaba amabini obuchule obuncinci kunye nolungelelwaniso olukhulu.Eyangaphambili ibekwe njengendawo yokuzalisa imarike kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokuhlanganisa imakethi yayo yobungcali yemveliso;le yokugqibela iya kuqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sayo semarike, iphucule imveliso yayo, kwaye izabalazele ukubonelela abasebenzisi ngeenkonzo ezibanzi.Abanye abavelisi baya kulishiya ishishini baze bangene kwamanye amashishini anengeniso ethe chatha ngoku.
3.9 Isikhokelo sophuhliso lwemigangatho yesixhobo sombane esine-voltage ephantsi
Ngokuphuculwa kweemveliso zombane ezine-voltage ephantsi, inkqubo eqhelekileyo iya kuphuculwa ngokuthe ngcembe.Kwixesha elizayo, uphuhliso lweemveliso zombane ezisezantsi ziya kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwiimveliso ezikrelekrele, kunye nokunxibelelana konxibelelwano, uyilo lokuthembeka, kunye nogxininiso lokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokonga amandla.Ngokuhambelana nenkqubela phambili yophuhliso, imigangatho emine yobugcisa kufuneka ifundwe ngokukhawuleza: imigangatho yobugcisa ekwazi ukugubungela ukusebenza okubanzi kweemveliso zamva nje, kubandakanywa nokusebenza kobugcisa, ukusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa, kunye nokusebenza kokugcinwa;unxibelelwano lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso kunye neemfuno zonxibelelwano.Ukusebenzisana okuhle;ukwenza ukuthembeka kunye nemigangatho yendlela yokuvavanya kwiimveliso ezinxulumeneyo ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwemveliso kunye nomgangatho wemveliso, kunye nokwandisa ukukwazi ukukhuphisana neemveliso zangaphandle;qulunqa uluhlu lwemigangatho yoyilo lokuqonda kokusingqongileyo kunye nemigangatho yokwanelisa amandla kwiimveliso zombane ezinevoltheji ephantsi, isikhokelo kunye nokulungelelanisa imveliso kunye nokuveliswa kokonga umbane kunye nokusingqongileyo "izixhobo zombane eziluhlaza" [5].
3.10 Inguquko eluhlaza
Inguqu eluhlaza yekhabhoni ephantsi, ukonga amandla, ukugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kube nempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi.Ingxaki yehlabathi yokhuseleko lwendalo emelwe lutshintsho lwemozulu iye yanda kakhulu, kwaye ubuchwephesha bombane obunomthamo ophantsi wevoltage ephantsi kunye nethekhnoloji yokonga amandla iye yaba yimida kunye nemimandla eshushu yokhuphiswano lobuchwepheshe.Kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, ngaphezu komgangatho kunye nexabiso lezixhobo zombane eziphantsi, bahlawula ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi ekugcinweni kwamandla kunye nokusebenza kokusingqongileyo kweemveliso.Ukongeza, ngokusemthethweni, urhulumente uye wenza iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza okonga amandla kwiimveliso zombane ezinevoltage ephantsi ezisetyenziswa ngamashishini kunye nabasebenzisi bezakhiwo zoshishino.Yindlela eqhelekileyo yokudala izixhobo zombane eziluhlaza kunye nezonga amandla kunye nokhuphiswano olungundoqo kunye nokubonelela abathengi ngezisombululo zombane ezikhuselekileyo, ezihlakaniphile kunye neziluhlaza.Ukufika kwenguqu eluhlaza kuzisa imingeni kunye namathuba kubavelisi kwishishini lombane eliphantsi kwe-voltage [5].
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-01-2022
